What make exchange rate fluctuate?

well if you are asking bout currency exhange rates that is easy

It%26#039;s the state of the country that issues the currency and their ability to pay off loans to the World Bank where 95% of em got their financing to start their country from

You also have to take into effect the goverments outstanding achievement standings vs other nations and their acomplishments/achievements

There are 9 major countries I can think of that set the standard....

I think they are:

The USA

Japan and a few asian nations

Unified Germany

The United Arab Emirates

England and the UK (including Scottland, Ireland, Australia and Canada)

France

Italy

Israel

and last but not least Russia and what was the old Soviet Union prior to the Cold War

Everyone has to pony up and match their achievements to try and set the standard for the rest of world market currency to be measured off of and that figures into exchange rates

Hope that Helped